2．1．7　Convert English Adverbs into Chinese Nouns，V...

2．1．7　Convert English Adverbs into Chinese Nouns，Verbs or Adjectives英语副词转换成汉语名词、动词或形容词

2．1．7．1　Convert adverbs into nouns英语副词转换成汉语名词

Compare and study the following sentences and find how English adverbs are converted into Chinese nouns．

It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the USA．

　官方宣布，他们就给美国复函(答复)一事取得了一致意见。

The image must be dimensionally correct．

　图形的尺寸必须正确。

The paper said editorially that Mcmillan had stolen the Western leadership during Dulles＇absence．

　这家报纸的社论说，麦克米伦在杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。

Comments Some English adverbs can be converted into Chinese nouns as circumstances require．This，different from the expressing form in English，is also the need of expressing in Chinese language．If we convert these adverbs directly into官方地，尺寸地，以社论形式，the versions will appear wordy and awkward．

2．1．7．2　Convert adverbs into verbs英语副词转换成汉语动词

This is the same case as the conversion of English adjectives into Chinese verbs mentioned in the preceding section．We can say that it is one of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax．It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb，while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence．Let us look at the following examples．

I must beoff now．

　我现在得走了。

The oil in the tank isup．

　油箱里的油已经用完。

That day he wasup before five o＇clock．

　那天，他5点前就起床了。

Why should we letin foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can＇t sell their own goods?

　在美国人由于推销不出自己的产品而失业之际，为什么我们还要让外国货进口呢?

When the switch is off，the circuit is open and electricity doesn＇t gothrough．

　开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。

Comments English adverbs like “on，off，over，up，out” ，etc．，used as subject complements(predicatives)，can be converted into Chinese verbs．In English，some adverbs and prepositions are usually used to describe a series of actions．We Chinese have to translate them into Chinese verbs．

2．1．7．3　Convert adverbs into adjectives英语副词转换成汉语形容词

English adverbs are more extensively used than Chinese adverbs，and many of them can be converted into Chinese adjectives．Now compare and study the following sentences and find how some English adverbs are converted into Chinese adjectives．

Everything in China has greatly changed since liberation．

　解放以来，中国的一切都发生了巨大的变化。

This college impressed us deeply．

　这所学院给我们留下了深刻的印象。

The President had prepared meticulously for his journey．

　总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic．

　已经证明，气体具有理想的弹性。

Traditionally，there had always been good relations between them．

　他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。

Comments In translating，as an English adjective or verb is changed into a Chinese noun in one sentence，the adverb that originally modifies the adjective or verb is mostly converted into Chinese adjectives．In the first 3 sentences，the verbs“changed” ，“impressed”and“prepared”are converted into Chinese nouns; the adverbs，in this case，can be translated into Chinese adjectives，modifying these nouns converted．An adverb can be converted into a Chinese adjective when the adjective modified by the adverb is translated into a noun．The fourth sentence is the case．By comparison，English adverbs are more extensively employed than Chinese adverbs，and many of them can be converted into Chinese adjectives．But we probably need to add some necessary words for smoothness and fluency in Chinese．We take“generally”and“physically”for example，and they may be translated into总体而言，就体力来说．