2．2．3 Exercises练习
Ⅰ．Sentence translation．
1．It was out of the question to fly to the moon in the past．
2．Practically every river has an upper，a middle，and a lower part．
3．We cannot see sound waves as they travel through air．
4．The dog is stretching itself．
5．He glanced at his watch;it was 10: 45 already．
6．This is the house in which I once lived．
7．On July 1，1997，Hong Kong returned to the People＇s Republic of China．
8．In winter，it is much colder in the North than it is in the South．
9．Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy．
10．The day when she was born remains unknown．
11．As it is late，you had better go home．
Ⅱ．Passage translation．
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution is a long train of changes starting in about 1760．It is not alone: it forms one of a triad of revolutions，of which the other two were the American Revolution that started in 1775，and the French Revolution that started in 1789．It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions．But the fact is that they were all social revolutions．The Industrial Revolution is simply the English way of making those social changes．I think of it as the English Revolution．
What makes it especially English?Obviously，it began in England．England was already the leading manufacturing nation．But the manufacture was cottage industry，and the Industrial Revolution begins in the villages．The men who make it are craftsmen: the millwright，the watchmaker，the canal builder，the blacksmith．What makes the Industrial Revolution so peculiarly English is that it is rooted in the countryside．
During the first half of the eighteenth century，in the old age of Newton and the decline of the Royal Society，England basked in a last Indian summer of village industry and the overseas trade of merchant adventures．The summer faded．Trade grew more competitive．By the end of the century the needs of industry were harsher and more pressing．The organization of work in the cottage was no longer productive enough．Within two generations，roughly between 1760 and 1820，the customary way of running industry changed．Before 1760，it was standard to take work to villagers in their own homes．By 1820，it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen．
(J．Bronowski: The Ascent of Man)