According to a law attributed to the savant known only as Murphy ，“if anything can go wrong，it will．”Corollaries to Murphy ＇s Law suggest themselves as clues to the shoddy goods problems: If anything can break down，it will; if anything can fall apart，it will; if anything can stop running，it will．While Murphy＇s Law can①never be wholly defeated，its effects can usually be postponed．Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things②don＇t go wrong，fall apart，break down，or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after their manufacture．Forestalling Murphy ＇s Law as applied to products demands intelligence，skill，and commitment．If these human inputs are assisted by special quality-control instruments，machines，and scientific sampling procedures，so much the better．But gadgets and sampling alone will③never do the trick since these items are also subject to Murphy＇ s Law．Quality-control instruments need maintenance;④gauges go out of order; X rays and laser beams need adjustments．No matter how advanced the technology，quality demand intelligent，motivated human thought and action．

根据大学者墨菲的法则，“凡是可能出差错的事终将出差错” 。墨菲法则在劣质产品问题中也得到了验证:凡是可能损坏的产品终将损坏;凡是可能破碎的产品终将会破碎;凡是可能出故障的产品终将出故障。墨菲法则①并非无懈可击，它的效应常常可以延迟。人们耗费大量精力，其目的是保证产品在使用相当长一段时间后仍②完好无损。要使墨菲法则在产品中站不住脚，就需要知识、技能、信誉。如果有了人类的这些努力，外加专用的质检工具、机器以及科学的取样程序，情况就会好得多。然而仅靠工具和抽样调查③决不会有效，因为这些工具仍然受墨菲法则的影响。质检工具需要维修;④检测仪器也会损坏; X光及激光也需要调整。不管技术多么先进，质量仍需要人类的智慧、明确的思想和行动。

注:选自李观仪《新编英语教程》，V5，p97，上海外语教育出版社，2003

Notes:①In this sentence，we can find the adverb “wholly”and the negative word “never”used together，which creates partial negation．

3．1. 3 Compare and Analyze比较与分析

3．1. 3　Compare and Analyze比较与分析