3．3 Translation of Long Sentences长句的翻译
English and Chinese languages are sharply different in their sentential structures．Most English sentences are hypotactic in nature，while most Chinese sentences are paratactic in nature．By hypotactic，we mean that the sentential constituents are interlinked by formal linguistic means，such as prepositions，conjunctions and other connectives，and the grammatical and logical relationships within the sentence are explicitly indicated by connectives and grammatical markers．For this reason，in English，there are often long sentences that consist of a main clause and numerous subordinate clauses(i．e．attributive clauses，adverbial clauses and objective clauses)and phrases(i．e．infinitive phrases，nominal phrases and prepositional phrases)，involving complicated grammatical and logical relationships within the sentence．Chinese sentences are mostly paratactic which lack grammatical markers or connectives to organize sentential constituents，and therefore the grammatical and logical relationships within the sentence are often implicit，but generally inferable from the context．As a result，Chinese sentences are mostly short and simple in structure．Chinese sentences do not have complex hierarchies as English sentences do．By contrast，it is very convenient to build long sentences by means of subordinate clauses，phrases，connectives and grammatical markers in English language．Due to this difference in English and Chinese sentence structures，the translation of English long sentences is a difficult point we should attach great importance to．In this part，we will have an exhaustive discussion on the translation of long English sentences in English-Chinese translation．