3．3. 4 Exercises练习
Ⅰ．Sentence translation．
1．The Civil War，lasting four years and costing at least a million lives civilian and military，was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World，a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold，worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners．
2．If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake gives it the name“Windy City” ．
3．The contrast between this knowledge and understanding of Kissinger＇s tactics and this uncertainty about his strategy is characteristic of the most of what is written and said，not just about his role in the Middle East but about a whole range of Kissinger＇s ventures，including the most important one he has undertaken．
4．The global economy that boomed in the 1960s，growing at an average of 5. 5 percent a year，and pushed ahead at a 4. 5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s，simply stopped growing in 1981—1982．
5．Of the guests，none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors．
6．The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay rise last year because he hadn＇t published a sufficient number of research papers．
7．A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company，whether it be of books or of men．
8．And raising good cotton，riding well，shooting straight，dancing lightly，squiring the ladies with elegance and carrying one＇s liquor like a gentleman were the things that mattered．
9．Anyone who has ridden on a railroad train knows how rapidly another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction and conversely how it may look almost motionless when it is moving in the same direction．
Ⅱ．Passage translation．
Washington—A group of 20 U．S．and Russian scientists are preparing to launch an unprecedented expedition that will involve being set adrift on an ice floe for five months off the frozen coast of Antarctica，following roughly the same path as the ill-fated expedition of a British explorer nearly eight decades earlier．
In February the scientists，together with 12 support personnel，are due to disembark from the Russian ice breaking research ship Akademik Federov onto an ice floe at the southern end of the Weddell Sea，about 2，000 kilometers south of the tip of South America．
Camped in a nest of prefabricated huts on a chunk of ice about a half kilometer wide and three meters thick，they＇ll drift northward for about 650 kilometers to gather the extensive data on the poorly understood interactions of ocean，ice and atmosphere in the Weddell Sea．The delicate balance of this system has a strong impact on global climate and ocean currents．
The floe＇s trajectory will take the scientists through the western part of the Weddell Sea，a region that has been largely off limits to researchers because of its perpetual ice．But in a 1993 meeting of Antarctic scientists in St．Petersburg，Russian scientists suggested a slow but sure way to get a research station into the western Weddell: rely on the natural drift of the ice floes．